Sources and credits
The dictionaries, references, tools, and people's work that parleu is built on, and the licenses they come with.
Last updated: November 2, 2026
Dictionaries and open data
Pronunciations (IPA), word forms, and usage labels come in part from Wiktionary (English and Catalan editions, through the Kaikki.org extracts), contributed by its editors and licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. Where we show them, they keep that license. CC BY-SA 4.0
Terminology in the Catalan word sets was checked against TERMCAT's open vocabularies (Centre de Terminologia de la Llengua Catalana), used under their CC BY licenses. The selection, grouping, explanations, and examples are our own.
The Catalan word-form dictionary (catalan-dict-tools) and the English-Catalan dictionary by Softcatalà and its contributors, licensed under CC BY 4.0. CC BY 4.0
Universal Dependencies (AnCora)
The Catalan and Spanish AnCora treebanks (CC BY 4.0) help us identify which word a form belongs to.
Numbers written out in words, under the Unicode license.
References we check against
These references determine what's correct and what level it's taught at. We consult them and write our own lessons; we don't reproduce them, and their authors don't endorse parleu.
The Catalan standard: the dictionary (DIEC2), the grammar (GIEC and its basic edition), the spelling rules (OIEC), and the oral standard.
Generalitat de Catalunya, Consorci per a la Normalització Lingüística
The official Catalan programs for each level, Vocabulari en imatges, and Nivell llindar.
Instituto Cervantes, Plan Curricular (PCIC)
The inventories of Spanish grammar, functions, and vocabulary for each level.
The dictionary (DLE), the spelling rules, and the glossary of grammatical terms.
Word frequencies by level in Spanish learning materials (UCLouvain).
SUBTLEX-CAT, SUBTLEX-ESP, OpenSubtitles (OPUS)
Word frequencies from film and TV subtitles, used as counts only.
Made with AI
The story images are made with AI image models (Google Gemini and xAI Grok) based on our own descriptions.
The voices in lessons, Review, and Speak are synthetic voices from Google's Gemini, not recordings of real people.
Lessons, stories, and explanations are written with Anthropic's Claude and translated with OpenAI models, then checked against the references above. Speak partners are AI conversation partners powered live by Google's Gemini; Gemini also provides word explanations and Speak feedback.
Other people's work
Podcasts belong to their publishers: their names, artwork, and episodes are theirs, and the audio plays from their own servers. Songs in lessons are YouTube videos owned by their rights holders, played in YouTube's own player. A rights holder who wants something changed or removed can write to legal@parleu.com.
Fonts and open-source software
The fonts Geist, Bricolage Grotesque, Fraunces, and Caveat are used under the SIL Open Font License 1.1.
parleu is built on open-source software. Every package shipped with the app, along with its license and required copyright and license notices, is listed in a file generated from our dependencies at every build: Third-party notices.